查询词典 variable cost

Hariga corrected Goswami and Chaudhuri's inventory replenishment model for a deteriorating item with linearly time varying demand,finite shortage cost and equal replenishment intervals.In this paper,a new EOQ for the proposed problem is developed by considering the replenishment time as the decision variable.

Hariga修正了Goswami和Chaudhuri的带有线性时变需求，有限短缺费用和等补充周期的变质物品的库存补充模型，本文通过将补充时刻作为决策变量，建立了上述问题的一个新的EOQ模型。

You'll be able to compare adjustment terms of variable mortgages, closing cost estimates and any hidden fees in the loan packages.

你可以比较各房贷的协调条款，完结估计费用和任何在贷款包中的潜藏费用。

The drive system adopts 5 independent drive mechanisms and a common drive mechanism, therefore both the working space and cost are reduced. In the design of the control system, the hydraulic servo technique and modern control technique are applied. The hydraulic stepless variable speed device adopts compound open and closed static pressure drive pattern, ensuring the smoothness of the drive.

其中的传动方案设计中采用5个独立的传动系统和1个共用的传动系统，既节约了空间和成本，又满足了技术要求；控制系统设计中运用了液压伺服技术和现代控制理论技术；液压无级变速装置采用闭式和开式静压传动系统相结合的方式，传动系统平稳，波动小。

It takesthe weighted average of the L2 norm of the difference of the observation and thesolution of the system and the L2 norm of the difference of conormal derivativeat the different sides of the interface for every subdomain as cost functional andthe smooth coefficients of the subproblem and the value of solution of the originalproblem at interface as identification parameters;Using the property of continu-ous functional defined on compact set,the existence of the optimal solution of theidentification problem is proved;The necessary conditions of optimality charac-terized by the system equation,the adjoit equation and the variational inequalitysimultaneously are given by introducing the conception ofdifferential andadjoit variable;An algorithm is devised and its flow graph is given.

其次，针对分片光滑动力系统的特征，结合正演过程的区域分解算法，建立了分片光滑系统的分解区域参数辨识模型，该模型以子区域上解的实测值与计算值之差的L2范数和界面两侧的通量差的L2范数的加权平均作目标泛函，各子问题的光滑系数及界面上真解的值为待辨识参量；利用紧致集上连续泛函的性质，证明了子区域上参数辨识问题最优辨识参量的存在性；引入微分的概念，借助伴随变量，给出了由系统方程，伴随方程和变分不等式共同表征的最优性必要条件；根据此必要条件设计了算法，给出了算法的程序框图。

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

If the relationship between total variable cost and volume of output can be shown as a curved line on a graph, the relationship is said to be curvilinear .

如果产量与总变动成本的变动关系在图上表现出来的是一条曲线，则称是曲线关系。

The decision variable of the seller is the replenishment cycle time to minimize the total relevant cost.

销售商的决策变量是订货周期长度，并使得自身总成本最小化。

In this paper, a new cost function is investigated and a variable step size Decision Directed equalization algorithm based on this function is proposed for MQAM modulation.

本文对一种新的代价函数作了研究，提出一种适用于MQAM调制信号的变步长的判决引导的盲均衡算法。

Are both direct and indirect cost variable?

直接成本和间接成本是否也都是可以变动的呢？

The EOQ model, which is one of the most basic and extensively used model in the area of cash management, is modified to include variable transaction cost and cash flow discount.

本文给出了现金管理领域最基本、最常用的EOQ模型的修正模型。

"Second Life is remarkably easy to work with, and is very popular,"

"第二次生命是显着容易的工作，并且很受欢迎，"

For example, we usually assume that materials are homogeneous and isotropic and free of internal defects or flaws.

为了得到适合有限元分析的模型，我们必须经过如图2所示的简化步骤。