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The results of character evolution history reconstruction shows the SC in PT and AD clade might be a homoplasy character; also, the SC in PT clade might have multiple origins. SC in Pteridaceae has some special characteristics:(1) the cell long axes usually run parallel to the lateral veins;(2) Most of Pteris and Adianum species have VSC only in lower epidermis;(3) Species have ISC also have VSC.(4) Presence of spicular cells is highly correlated with the long veinal epidermal cells. Species have type III silica deposition type usually have longer and narrower veinal epidermal cell compared with ordinary epidermal cells; Species have type IV silica deposition type also have long epidermal cells, but not significantly different from ordinary epidermal cells.

本实验中亦发现凤尾蕨科之矽异形细胞具有几项特色：(1)矽异形细胞之长轴多与叶片侧脉方向平行(2)发现多数铁线蕨属以及凤尾蕨属植物仅下表皮具有脉上矽异形细胞；(3)具有脉间矽异形细胞的种类会同时具有脉上矽异形细胞；(4)长条形的侧脉上表皮细胞与矽异形细胞具有相关性，仅具脉上矽异形细胞的分类群之脉上表皮细胞均较一般表皮细胞细长；具有脉间矽异形细胞之物种之脉上表皮细胞亦为长条形但形态与一般表皮细胞常无明显形态差异。

The anatomical study deepens the knowledge of G-type conducting cells: 1 It proves the theory of two depositional process for secondary wall (Bierhorst, 1960): the discontinuous cellulose layer is laid down before the continuous lignified layer; the former layer is prone to be broken down, while the latter is highly decay-resistant; 2 It suggests that the cellulose primary and secondary walls of tracheids are not perforated. Instead of longitudinal pits (Li, 1992), the lignified tracheid secondary wall of Hsüa possesses irregular simple perforations; 3 In Hsüa reflexa and Huia gracilis, the perforation casts may represent the thickness of lignified secondary wall; 4 The wall structure of G-type tracheid is diversified. At the genus level, the secondary wall structure differs in the distribution, internal shape and structure of the perforations; 5 Perforations of some G-type tracheids combine the characters of S-type tracheids in their distribution, density and diameter.

解剖学的研究加深了对G-型输水管胞的认识 1）验证了管胞次生壁分两个阶段形成的理论（Bierhorst，1960），即先后形成不连续的纤维质层和连续的木质化层，前者易被分解，后者抗侵蚀性强；2）证明管胞纤维质的初生壁和次生壁不具穿孔，Hsüa管胞的木质化次生壁具有不规则的简单穿孔，而不是纵列的纹孔（Li，1992）；3）Hsüa reflexa和Huia gracilis的穿孔铸体可代表木质化次生壁的厚度；4）G-型管胞壁层结构具多样性，植物属一级的分异主要表现在次生壁穿孔的分布、孔腔形状和结构的不同；5）某些G-型管胞的穿孔在其分布、密度和孔径方面可兼有S-型管胞的特征。

The second variation type is called reversion evolution type, which represents the liquid segregation mainly with vapour-liquid fractional distillation. The third variation type is called saltatory variation type, which is formed from the liquid segregation mainly with immiscibility.

称为正向演化类型，是结晶分异结果；②称为反向演化类型，代表气液分馏为主的液态分离；③称为演化突变类型，是不混溶为主的液态分离形成。

Etc..essence vegetable but can is divided into a common type essence vegetable, inspissation type essence vegetable, the market sell of many is common type essence vegetable, can use everyday.inspissation type the essence be much plainer to use in the beauty salon, because it aims at sex strong, another it is concentrated liquid, so can only then use a l time every week.

等等。精华素而可分为普通型精华素、浓缩型精华素，市场出售的多为普通型精华素，可每天使用。浓缩型精华素多在美容院使用，因其针对性强，另外其为浓缩液，所以每周只可便用l次。

This thesis consists of five chapters. At first, We introduce the study history as well as present situation on KKM theory. Secondly, We discuss the invariability of transfer open valued multimap under the restriction of upper and lower semicontinuity on generalized convex spaces. Then, We obtain new KKM type theorems from the classical KKM theorem by applying upper and lower semicontinuity. We also obtain intersection theorems by applying the KKM type theorems for a multimap from a topological space to another topological space. Further, We obtain Ky-Fan type coincidence theorem by applying known variational results on the KKM type theorems. Finally, We give an application to new theorems.

本文共分五章，首先回顾了KKM理论的研究历史和现状，其次讨论了在一般化凸空间上转移开值映射在上、下半连续映射下的不变性，然后在上、下半连续映射下，以古典的KKM定理为基础得到新的KKM型定理，并利用从一个拓扑空间到另一个拓扑空间的集值映射及KKM型定理得到相交定理，进一步利用已知的KKM型定理的变形结论得到Ky-Fan型重叠定理，最后给出新定理的一个应用。

The irreducibility of beliefs of that type to beliefs of a completely different type would suggest that without some beliefs of our own of that type, we could make no sense of others having beliefs of that same type.

这类信念的不可还原，会暗示如果没有这些信念我们就不会弄清楚其他同类型信念

Passing analysing The link of the three-arc-sect isometric type surface, built the three-arc-sect isometric type surface equation, found the location of isometric type surface with the finite element analysis method and calculated the link intensity of the three-arc-sect isometric type surface.

文中对型面联接中的三弧段等距型面联接进行力学分析，首先建立三弧段等距型面方程，应用有限元法确定等距型面接触点的位置，对三弧段等距型面联接中的应力分布及大小进行分析计算。

The lack of liver and kidney type PBMC in patients with alopecia areata Thl/Th2 type cytokine gene expression imbalance, presented to Th1-type cytokines and transcription factor T-bet gene over-expression of Th1-type response characteristics, may be involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, alopecia areata may be insufficient evidence of liver and kidney-shaped one of the micro-nature.

肝肾不足型斑秃患者PBMC中Thl/Th2型细胞因子基因表达失衡，呈现以Th1型细胞因子和转录因子T-bet基因过度表达为特征的Th1型反应，可能参与了斑秃的发病机制，也可能是斑秃肝肾不足证型的微观本质之一。

Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to e XP licitly cast the key parameter to IComparable before calling the CompareTo method; all members of a type given as a constraint for a type parameter are directly available on values of that type parameter type.

而且，在调用 CompareTo 方法前，它不再需要显式的把 Key 参数转化支持 IComparable 接口。被一个类型参数的约束所给定的所有成员在类型值上直接可见。

In this paper, four types of photoperiodic response for diapause induction in insect are introduced, that is, long-day response type, short-day response type, short-day and long-day response type and intermediate response type.

介绍了昆虫滞育诱导的4种光周期反应类型，即：长日照反应型、短日照反应型、短日照-长日照反应型与中间型日长反应型。

"Second Life is remarkably easy to work with, and is very popular,"

"第二次生命是显着容易的工作，并且很受欢迎，"

For example, we usually assume that materials are homogeneous and isotropic and free of internal defects or flaws.

为了得到适合有限元分析的模型，我们必须经过如图2所示的简化步骤。